# Lesson Plan: Technical Drawing - Roofs: Types and Structure, Including the Plan/Determination of Pitch Angle
## Grade Level
Senior Secondary 3 (SS3)
## Lesson Duration
90 minutes
## Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Identify different types of roofs.
2. Understand and categorize the various structural components of roof designs.
3. Create a technical drawing of a roof plan.
4. Calculate and determine the pitch angle of a roof.
## Materials and Resources
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Protractors
- Pencils and erasers
- Technical drawing tables or drawing boards
- Technical drawing textbooks and reference materials
- Computer with CAD software (optional)
- Visual aids (charts, diagrams, projector for digital slides)
## Lesson Outline
### Introduction (10 minutes)
1. **Welcome and Attendance**: Greet students and take attendance.
2. **Overview of Lesson Objectives**: Briefly explain what will be covered in the class.
3. **Relevance of Topic**: Discuss the importance of understanding roof types and structures in architectural design and construction.
### Lecture and Discussion (30 minutes)
1. **Types of Roofs**:
- Gable Roof
- Hip Roof
- Flat Roof
- Shed Roof
- Gambrel Roof
- Mansard Roof
- Butterfly Roof
Utilize diagrams and visual aids to help explain each type.
2. **Structural Components of Roofs**:
- Trusses
- Rafters
- Ridge Boards
- Hip Rafters
- Ceiling Joists
- Purlins
Discuss the function and importance of each component within different roof types.
3. **Pitch Angle**:
- Define pitch angle and its significance.
- Introduce the mathematical formulation to calculate pitch (rise over run).
- Provide examples to clarify the calculations.
### Practical Activity – Drawing and Calculation (35 minutes)
1. **Technical Drawing of a Roof Plan**:
- Distribute graph paper, rulers, and pencils.
- Step-by-step guide on how to draft a roof plan. Emphasize scale, proportions, and precision.
- Students draw their preferred type of roof.
2. **Determination of Pitch Angle**:
- Provide a sample problem to calculate the pitch angle.
- Guide students through the use of protractors for measuring angles and tools for ensuring accuracy.
- Students calculate and annotate the pitch angle on their drawings.
### Review and Assessment (10 minutes)
1. **Peer Review**:
- Pair students to review each other's work and provide constructive feedback.
2. **Class Discussion**:
- Discuss common challenges encountered during the drawing and calculation exercises.
- Clarify any misunderstandings or questions.
### Homework Assignment (5 minutes)
1. **Extended Drawing Practice**:
- Assign students to choose another type of roof not covered in the class and create a detailed technical drawing including the roof plan and pitch angle determination.
### Conclusion (5 minutes)
1. **Recap of Key Points**:
- Summarize the different types of roofs discussed and their structural components.
- Reiterate the importance of accuracy in technical drawing and pitch angle calculation.
2. **Next Lesson Preview**:
- Give a brief overview of what the next lesson will cover to build anticipation and readiness.
## Evaluation
1. **Formative Assessment**:
- Observe and assist students during practical drawing and calculation activities.
- Provide immediate feedback during the activity.
2. **Summative Assessment**:
- Evaluate student's homework assignment based on accuracy, neatness, and understanding of roof types and pitch angle determination.
- Possible quiz or test on the concepts taught in a subsequent class.
## Additional Notes
- Ensure all students have access to necessary drawing tools and materials.
- Encourage students to collaborate and help each other understand complex concepts.
- Utilize relevant case studies or real-world examples to show practical applications of the lesson's content.